What is periods (Mensuration cycle )


 The term "periods" or "menstrual cycle" refers to the regular, natural process that occurs in the female reproductive system of humans and some other mammals. It involves a series of physiological changes that prepare the body for a potential pregnancy.

Here are the key components of the menstrual cycle:

  1. Menstruation (Period): The menstrual cycle typically begins with menstruation, commonly known as a "period." This is the shedding of the uterine lining that occurs approximately every 28 days, although the cycle length can vary for different individuals.

  2. Follicular Phase: After menstruation ends, the body enters the follicular phase. During this phase, several follicles in the ovaries start to develop. Each follicle contains an immature egg (ovum). However, usually, only one follicle will fully mature.

  3. Ovulation: Around the middle of the menstrual cycle, typically around day 14 in a 28-day cycle, the matured follicle releases the egg, a process known as ovulation. The egg is then available for fertilization by sperm.

  4. Luteal Phase: Following ovulation, the body enters the luteal phase. The ruptured follicle,

    1. now known as the corpus luteum, starts producing hormones (progesterone and estrogen) to support a potential pregnancy. If fertilization doesn't occur, the corpus luteum degenerates, hormone levels drop, and the cycle begins again with menstruation.

    The menstrual cycle is regulated by hormones, primarily estrogen and progesterone, which are produced by the ovaries and other endocrine glands. The cycle prepares the uterus for pregnancy, and if fertilization of the egg by sperm does not occur, the uterine lining is shed during menstruation.

    It's important to note that menstrual cycles can vary in length and regularity for different individuals and may be influenced by various factors such as age, stress, hormonal imbalances, and underlying health conditions. Additionally, not all individuals with a female reproductive system may experience menstruation due to various reasons, such as pregnancy, medical conditions, or surgical interventions.

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